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Middle Range Theory |
Theorist/s |
Idea |
Application |
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Goode & Moore |
Complementary Nursing Therapies for Pain and Stress: Relaxation and Music for Postoperative Pain; Stress and Immunity; and Integrated Research Reviews. |
Provide clinicians with prescriptions for pain reduction and a conceptual basis for pain interventions. |
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Huth & Moore |
Assists nurses in managing clinical pain and to expand the knowledge and research base in children's pain. |
Provide clinicians with prescriptions for pain reduction and a conceptual basis for pain interventions. |
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Dunn, K |
Influenced by Roy’s adaptation model. |
Adaptation leads to coping skills. |
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Locsin, R |
Focuses on wholeness of person, as influenced by technology. |
Examines contemporary technology in mainstream health care and its impact on the quality of that care. |
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Liehr & Smith |
Connecting with self-in-relation through intentional dialogue to create ease. |
Patient-centered dialogue as a means to finding solace. |
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Auger, J |
Provides framework for organizing observations of patient behavior, increasing consistency and continuity of care. |
Increase interdisciplinary communication in healthcare. |
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Smith et al. |
Influenced by Roy. Identifies factors that influence patient and caregiver outcomes when technology is present. |
Promotes proactive intervention for increasing quality of life. |
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Watson, J |
Grounded in a relational ontology of being-in-relation, and a world view of unity and connectedness of All. |
Holistic, family-centered approach in advanced caring. |
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Chronic Sorrow |
Eakes, Burke, & Hainsworth |
Provides a framework for understanding and working with people following a single or ongoing loss. |
Nurses can plan interventions that recognize it as a normal reaction, promote healthy adaptation, and provide empathetic support. |
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Kolcaba, K. |
As patients and families are strengthened by actions of nurses, they can better engage in health seeking behaviors. |
Nurse-sensitive outcomes. |
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Hildebrandt & Persily |
Health promotion and disease management strategies can improve outcomes through the development of self-care management, behavior change, and skill building. |
Model offers opportunities for intensive education, assessment, intervention, and support throughout healthcare process. |
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Adam, E |
Specifies focus of inquiry and may thus lead to the development of theories which will prove useful not only to nurses but to other health professionals as well. |
Can affect how nurses care for patients in a time-effective and cost-efficient manner. |
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Purnell, L |
Stresses teamwork, bio-cultural ecology and workforce issues, in providing culturally sensitive and competent care to improve client outcomes. |
Helps the caregiver provide culturally acceptable care that improves clients' satisfaction and health status. |
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Orlando, IJ |
Sees nursing as the means of providing direct assistance to individuals to avoid, relieve, diminish, or cure the person's sense of helplessness. |
Focuses on communication within the nurse-client relationship and identifies the validation process as essential to effective nursing care. |
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Ruland & Moore |
Expresses a new unifying idea about the phenomenon of peaceful end of life for terminally ill patients. |
Nurses alter the environment so family would have the privacy with patient or so that various religious or cultural customs could be enacted. |
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Ulbrich, S. |
Triangulation of Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing, the trans-theoretical model of exercise behavior, and characteristics of a population at risk for CVD. |
Exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and promotes health. |
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LoBiondo-Wood, G |
Acute stressors, when accumulated, could lead to family crises. |
Protective factors help families survive multiple contextual stressors, and to competently parent despite chronic and acute stressors. |
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Pollock, S. |
A personality resource comprising of (a) the commitment dimension, (b) the control dimension, and (c) the challenge domain. |
A result of studying the adaptation response of individuals to chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. |
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Pender, N. |
Heuristic device that encourages scholars to integrate variables that have been shown to impact health behavior. |
Can be used as a basis for structuring nursing protocols and interventions. |
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Popkess-Vawter, S |
Uses Apter’s Reversal Theory as a basis for cognitive restructuring to identify negative self-talk that can lead to overeating. |
Combines the successful physical, cognitive, and psychological essentials of healthy approaches for weight reduction as a means of promoting weight control. |
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Roux, G |
A new instrument to measure inner strength in women with chronic illness. Inner strength is defined as a central human resource that promotes well-being and healing. |
To help female patients avoid the weight gain, depression, anxiety and other issues that commonly occur after cancer treatment and during treatment of other chronic illnesses. |
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Cox, C |
The model defines the interactive and collective contributions of a survivor, family, and provider to adherence to protocols, reduction of risk behavior, and promotion of health-protective behavior. A |
May identify new determinants of health-related behavior that can be targeted to protect the health of childhood cancer survivors and reduce their risk of late sequelae. |
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Peplau, MR |
Provides framework to facilitate nurse-patient interactions. |
Most useful to apply during nursing practice in order to understand nurse-patient interactive phenomena. |
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Braden, CJ |
A theoretical explanation to account for the process of change; includes perceived severity of illness, limitation, uncertainty enabling skill, self-help and life quality. |
Help patients with chronic illnesses learn to respond so that their health outcomes improve. |
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Younger, J |
Explains the mechanisms through which suffering affects an individual's sense of community and connectedness with others. |
Explains why care is the contextual framework through which alienation is reversed and connectedness achieved. |
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Rubin, R |
The stages of MI are (1) seeking safe passage; (2) ensuring the acceptance of the child by others; (3) binding in or bonding with the fetus; and (4) learning to give of oneself. |
Help patients adjust to, endure, and usefully integrate health problem situations. |
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Nathaniel, A |
This Glasserian grounded theory study utilized volunteer and purposive sampling to recruit a sample of 21 registered nurses. |
The nurse tries to make sense of his or her experiences through remembering, telling the story, examining conflicts, and living with the consequences. |
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Nurse As Wounded Healer |
Conti-O'Hare, M |
Therapeutic use of self with addicted clients in early recovery. |
Expert nurse's mutual health patterning with the client. |
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Benner, P |
Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and applied it to nursing, with Lazarus and Heidegger. r |
Unites the practice of nursing and the patient’s perspective. |
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Olson & Hanchett |
Uses Orlando's Theory of the Deliberative Nursing Process. |
Faith community, times of transition, public health. |
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Barnard, K |
The pivotal role early intervention therapy can play in preventing later problems in behavior, cognition and emotional development. |
Protocols to help health care workers assess infant development and intervene to promote parent-infant interaction. |
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Bennett, M |
Links psychological processes and the immune system. |
It is important to nursing as it offers underpinning theory to support good caring and empathetic nursing. |
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Larrabee J |
Using Colaizzi's methodology, a theoretical model of quality that provides a framework for understanding health care quality. |
Humanistic approach to improving patient satisfaction. |
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Norris, Kunes-Connel, & Stockard |
Physical alterations in appearance or functioning have the potential to influence self-esteem. |
Assist clients: anticipate potential needs or problems, provide information and support, and explore alternative problem solving strategies. |
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Polk, L |
Resilience is a four-dimensional construct consistent with the simultaneity paradigm of nursing science. |
Transform stressful experiences of patients into opportunities for increased growth. |
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Morse, J |
Extending primarily from the illness Constellation Model and Preserving Self, a five-stage model, the theory focuses on the individual and how the individual seeks self-comforting strategies to mediate the experience. Insight, Inference, Evidence, and Verification: Creating a Legitimate Discipline |
Recovery and rehabilitation may be used for understanding and supporting patient responses. |
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Restructuring: An emerging theory on the process of weight loss |
Johnson, R |
A substantive theory of restructuring identified three stages in the process of losing weight. These stages and key elements of the weight loss process are presented. |
Understanding a client's experience while attempting behavior change is crucial for the development of interventions that address difficult and costly health behaviors. |
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Mercer, R |
To provide appropriate health care interventions for nontraditional mothers so they could successfully attain a strong maternal identity. |
Provide appropriate health care intervention for nontraditional mothers. |
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O'Connell, K |
Self-control is a limited and consumable resource much like the strength of a muscle |
Interventions should be aimed at helping quitters conserve their self-control resources. |
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Resnick, B |
Self-efficacy expectations and outcome are not only influenced by behavior, but also by verbal encouragement, physiological sensations and exposure to role models. |
Help motivate older adults to adhere to health care. |
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Reed, P |
Using Martha Rogers' conceptual model and lifespan developmental theory to provide the conceptual perspective on spirituality in Nursing. |
Human beings have the potential to integrate difficult life situations. |
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Sensation Theory |
Johnson, J |
Discrepancy between expected and experienced physical sensations during a threatening experience will result in distress. |
Patient’s distress during and after surgery or invasive procedures could be reduced by patient teaching. |
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Barker, P |
Studies the power relationship between nurses and the people in their care. |
Helping people recover their personal story of distress, as a first step towards reclaiming control over their lives. |
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Mishel, M |
The theory explains how people construct meaning for illness events, with uncertainty indicating the absence of meaning. |
Improvements in cognitive reframing, cancer knowledge, patient-health care provider communication, and a variety of coping skills. |
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Lenz, Pugh, Milligan, Gift, & Suppe |
Accurate representation of the complexity and interactive nature of the symptom experience. |
Help patients to better control over their symptoms. |
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Mikhail, B |
A person will take a health-related action if that person: feels that a negative health condition can be avoided, has a positive expectation that by taking a recommended action, she will avoid a negative health condition, and believes that she can successfully take a recommended health action. |
Used with great success for almost half a century to promote greater condom use, seat belt use, BSE, medical compliance, and health screening use. |
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Carr, J |
Conceptualized within Leininger's caring framework, this examines the experience of family members staying at the bedside of hospitalized relatives. |
Help to care for the patient as well as the loved ones. |
Credit: Mary Shaw, Nuvance Health